Ecko, they're all Photoshop illustrations.
As for the headband, that was a challenge to figure out how I could pull it off and not take forever, ultimately, I usd a layer mask to reveal the lines and then used light and dark greens behind the mask to creat the varied shades. I've never dealt with patterns much, and definitely not where some of it was shadowed and some light, I'll use the same process on the new Rambo 4.