The rolling boulder was originally inspired by a scene from The Perils of Pauline (1914), though I don't know whether Spielberg managed to find a copy of it when he was collecting old serial reels prior to ROTLA. So they may have come to that through the comic.
Jim Steranko: Arte Noir, Jim Steranko, J. David Spurlock & Angel de la Calle (2002)
So much of the Indy films was taken directly from the cliffhangers, sometimes scene for scene.
A lot of TOD came from Jungle Girl (1941):
Shamba, the native witch doctor with his painted face, skulls, and buffalo-horned headress, could well be the model for Mola Ram.
He also uses a voodoo doll. Jungle Girl was set in Africa so it was a little out of place when this was transported to the India of TOD. Shamba, like Mola Ram also uses a secret door in his temple as an escape route.
There's a scene with the hero and heroine being chased through tunnels by a flood of water until they get to an opening in the cliff, which looks exactly like the scene in TOD as the water rushes past them.
There's an ore crusher as in TOD.
And a scene with a large artificial animal mouth that's similar to the dragon Willie dances in front of in Club Obi-Wan.
Plus a big gong appears!
That's just one serial. I've watched almost sixty of them, looking for the inspirations for Indy and Star Wars.
More of TOD can be seen in The Tiger Woman (1944). The first chapter, entitled "Temple of Terror", has a ceremonial killing of a trespasser by means of dropping him into the flaming lava pit beneath a throne room.
Later on there’s a mine cart chase through the tunnels, albeit a motorized one.
This serial also has a scene suggesting torture with a hot poker (Toht in ROTLA). And a scene in which oil is poured into a flooded subterannean setting and ignited, as in The Last Crusade. irt also has shoot-outs between racing speedboats.