So why is this thing special? We've had rovers on Mars before
Nothing quite like this one. First of all this thing is huge and the landing procedure was so intricate, its surprising they managed to land safely. There was just so much that could have gone wrong!
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Here is a break down of the mission and why it's important:
The MSL mission has four scientific goals:
Determine whether Mars could ever have supported life
Study the climate of Mars
Study the geology of Mars
Plan for a human mission to Mars
To contribute to these goals, MSL has six main scientific objectives:
Determine the mineralogical composition of the Martian surface and near-surface geological materials.
Attempt to detect chemical building blocks of life (biosignatures).
Interpret the processes that have formed and modified rocks and soils.
Assess long-timescale (i.e., 4-billion-year) Martian atmospheric evolution processes.
Determine present state, distribution, and cycling of water and carbon dioxide.
Characterize the broad spectrum of surface radiation, including galactic radiation, cosmic radiation, solar proton events and secondary neutrons.
As part of its exploration, it is measuring the radiation exposure in the interior of the spacecraft as it travels to Mars, important data for a future manned mission.