Scar
Super Freak
Sorry about that last night. My girlfriend wouldn't allow me near the computer for any longer than to pre-order the maquette. I was hoping that she would fall asleep first and then I'd be able to get online, but having to be at work for 8:00 this morning at least afforded me the ability to wake up far before her.
Anyway, to the animal at hand...
True with our friend Styracosaurus here, but not all ceratopsians by a long shot. Styracosaurus had an extremely light skull for a ceratopsian. Compare it to another marginocephalian such as Triceratops, and you see a very different animal altogether. The bone in the crest of Triceratops is much more heavily ossified than Styracosaurus even at a younger age, which we know not only from a lack of crestal fenestra, but from cross-sections of bone that have Styracosaurid skulls much more heavily perforated with larger blood vessels than that of Triceratops. Quite plainly, the Styracosaurus had a much lighter skull and in all probability used it for sexually dimorphic ornamentation as well as a threat display both to predators and conspecifics.
For conspecifics, this animal would have been able to show that it was capable of expending the energy for the ornate ornamentation, while still having enough left for the rigors of daily existence in its late Cretaceous world, one which was abundant with threats. For female Styracosaurs this would have indicated the male to be fecund, and also capable of producing viable offspring that would likely share their parent's genetic strengths; a hearty parent = hearty offspring for a harsh world that doesn't forgive weakness. For males... well, the display would indeed have made the animal a threat, but different species respond to this characteristic in different ways. In some species of parrot, other males pay deference to the most ornate male without challenge, but in many, many other species both of birds and reptiles, the most ornate is viewed as a very real threat, and treated as not a superior but a combatant because of this dimorphism. To say it more simply, the vibrancy can display to other males of the same species that this is a male which cannot be ignored and must be dealt with rather quickly before he has the opportunity to steal away females.
As to the coloration, I ADORE it!!!!! Aside from all of the reasons implicit above, mainly my fervor is because the aposematism is so extremely stark. Again, this was an animal that relied on ornamentation as much as combat to survive. Take a good, hard look at that color. The animal has a hide that would blend in extremely well with its surroundings, affording it excellent camouflage in heavy undergrowth, but it still manages to maintain this vibrancy when needed to make it stand out. So many extant organisms share this very same trait, and what I love to see the most is the two large spots in the crest that are the same color as the Styracosaur's eyes. This makes a predator second-guess where and how it should launch its attack. Thanks to cephalization, most organisms have a wide range of crucial organs situated in the head, and invariably you'll find time and again that a predator will launch its attack toward the head in an effort to quickly disable the prey organism in question. The situation of the warning coloration on the frill deters predation in several ways. The Styracosaurus appears larger than it really is, raising the proposed "head" higher off the ground to be more intimidating, but also to situate it right amidst a bloom of dangerous horns when in reality the head is situated a bit lower and when a predator is focused on the top of the crest its attention is diverted away from saber-like horn sitting atop the beak. It's an elegant system of defense, and one which is captured so very, very well here, all thanks to the choice of color scheme.
Lastly I will touch on the pose, since I have to be getting to work. It conveys a sense of regality in this animal. It isn't the largest in its environment, but seems so very confident that it doesn't have to be large in order to be powerful. It seems extremely self-assure, possessed of a proud demeanor characteristic of many of the more dangerous herbivores today. It is truly breathtaking.
So much thought went into this singular piece, as it seems to for each and every Dinosauria statue that SS continues to make. Well done, gents. Truly well done. :chew It'll be a long night for the girlfriend at work, so hopefully I'll get on with a good time window to talk about this some more!
Anyway, to the animal at hand...
...the skulls of Ceratopsians are quite deceiving. But, they do their "job", making the animal look larger then life, and spectacular. In all actuality, the "frill" of the Styracosaurus is mainly open space. There are two large voids within the frill. This is one of the reasons paleontologists have come to the educated assumption that the frill was used for display rather then protection. If a large theropod got a lock on it with it's powerful jaws, it would have probably snapped.
As for the neck...well as much as it might not look "right".....science shows otherwise. Personally I love the stretched out pose...as if he just caught a scent in the air...."what is that?, friend...or foe".
AWESOME piece!
A great addition on the site is the "Back Story". Easy to miss, so I have reposted it below:
"After losing his last rut, he has been relegated to protect the periphery of the herd. Still a useful position, but also dangerous. The more skillful bucks in the center of the herd always get the first pick of the females. For now he will do the best he can, and prove his worth. His horns and head are thick with keratin, still a sign of virility. During the rut he can flush blood to his frill and horns to create a magnificent display. Perhaps this year he was too eager to show off his colors and forgot to work on the skills that turn battling male styracosaurs into clattering warriors as they lock horns. Instead of mating with his favorite female, he now patrols far from the herd to issue low warnings that only his species can perceive.
Now the eggs are hatching, and rather than sit back and sulk, he will prove his worth in this most crucial of times. Already he has mortally wounded a young tyrannosaur and intercepted a big varanid lizard. But he fears today is different. The chirping of the hatchlings has brought the clever Troondonts to gather in a pack in the sea of cattails before him. Their keen intelligence is daunting to a simple creature such as himself, and its good to have a keen sense of smell in times like these.
He lifts his head high, shaking his massive rack of horns and lurches forward at the oncoming rush of raptors. One group attempts to confuse him while the other slips by! With one massive sweep of his head, he sends two of the raptors high in the air. They land of the group passing by his flank, shattering delicate limbs. A quick stomping on their tangled torsos makes quick work of them. Without missing a beat he turn towards the others and lurches forward in a mock attack. They disappear into the swamp like a blur, leaving nothing but feathers behind. He surveys the scene, fills his lungs with air and give a low rumble. The females hear. Their children are once again safe."
It doesn't get any better!
T-Mex
True with our friend Styracosaurus here, but not all ceratopsians by a long shot. Styracosaurus had an extremely light skull for a ceratopsian. Compare it to another marginocephalian such as Triceratops, and you see a very different animal altogether. The bone in the crest of Triceratops is much more heavily ossified than Styracosaurus even at a younger age, which we know not only from a lack of crestal fenestra, but from cross-sections of bone that have Styracosaurid skulls much more heavily perforated with larger blood vessels than that of Triceratops. Quite plainly, the Styracosaurus had a much lighter skull and in all probability used it for sexually dimorphic ornamentation as well as a threat display both to predators and conspecifics.
For conspecifics, this animal would have been able to show that it was capable of expending the energy for the ornate ornamentation, while still having enough left for the rigors of daily existence in its late Cretaceous world, one which was abundant with threats. For female Styracosaurs this would have indicated the male to be fecund, and also capable of producing viable offspring that would likely share their parent's genetic strengths; a hearty parent = hearty offspring for a harsh world that doesn't forgive weakness. For males... well, the display would indeed have made the animal a threat, but different species respond to this characteristic in different ways. In some species of parrot, other males pay deference to the most ornate male without challenge, but in many, many other species both of birds and reptiles, the most ornate is viewed as a very real threat, and treated as not a superior but a combatant because of this dimorphism. To say it more simply, the vibrancy can display to other males of the same species that this is a male which cannot be ignored and must be dealt with rather quickly before he has the opportunity to steal away females.
As to the coloration, I ADORE it!!!!! Aside from all of the reasons implicit above, mainly my fervor is because the aposematism is so extremely stark. Again, this was an animal that relied on ornamentation as much as combat to survive. Take a good, hard look at that color. The animal has a hide that would blend in extremely well with its surroundings, affording it excellent camouflage in heavy undergrowth, but it still manages to maintain this vibrancy when needed to make it stand out. So many extant organisms share this very same trait, and what I love to see the most is the two large spots in the crest that are the same color as the Styracosaur's eyes. This makes a predator second-guess where and how it should launch its attack. Thanks to cephalization, most organisms have a wide range of crucial organs situated in the head, and invariably you'll find time and again that a predator will launch its attack toward the head in an effort to quickly disable the prey organism in question. The situation of the warning coloration on the frill deters predation in several ways. The Styracosaurus appears larger than it really is, raising the proposed "head" higher off the ground to be more intimidating, but also to situate it right amidst a bloom of dangerous horns when in reality the head is situated a bit lower and when a predator is focused on the top of the crest its attention is diverted away from saber-like horn sitting atop the beak. It's an elegant system of defense, and one which is captured so very, very well here, all thanks to the choice of color scheme.
Lastly I will touch on the pose, since I have to be getting to work. It conveys a sense of regality in this animal. It isn't the largest in its environment, but seems so very confident that it doesn't have to be large in order to be powerful. It seems extremely self-assure, possessed of a proud demeanor characteristic of many of the more dangerous herbivores today. It is truly breathtaking.
So much thought went into this singular piece, as it seems to for each and every Dinosauria statue that SS continues to make. Well done, gents. Truly well done. :chew It'll be a long night for the girlfriend at work, so hopefully I'll get on with a good time window to talk about this some more!