Anyone check out the 360 for this yet? Scoped it out yesterday afternoon and so far I'm really, really happy. I've gotten a real appreciation for their attention to paleontological detail with this piece.
One thing that stood out for me was the horns. They are very, very well done. It's kind of difficult to tell on the exclusive skull whether or not the horns are bowed inwards, since we don't have a 360 for that, but on the maquette you can see the horns curve slightly in a u-shape, which is EXACTLY what we know the horns to do... not so much from the fossilized bone horns themselves, but because we know corneous layers were deposited over the bone similar to the hollow horns of bovids but with a bone basis. In this way, (again I'll come back to the bovids comparison), it's a crucial deduction because in bovids we know them to be used for purposes of head-butting, defense, and impaling in many cases. From analysis of the epaxial muscles we know there are regions both of the skeleton and musculature built to absorb impact; the skull could have absorbed a blow from another animal going between probably 5-6 mph head-on... which translates to the numbers we have for big-horned sheep and rhinos. But there's something else... The musculature was also reinforced for low, sweeping movements when a single block of muscle on either side of the body could have absorbed the shock. This means that the Carnotaurus is the only known animal, extant or extinct, believed to have used its horns for the purpose of impaling, raking, and killing prey! It's literally the "flesh-eating bull" as its name purports.
A few more interesting things I haven't mentioned about the care taken into this sculpt. With the Carnotaurus positioned low to the ground with its mouth agape, it is positioned in a way to capture its ideal prey. Using calculations grounded in the Carnortaurus femur and its proportion to the tibia and fibula, we can adequately demonstrate that it was capable of galloping, meaning that it was a medium-sized theropod which was extremely fast for its day and designed to bring down small, fast prey. The converse example with be Tyrannosaurus rex, whose femur, extremely large in proportion to the tibia and fibula, would have brought down slower prey and have speed more akin to an African elephant capable of only short bursts and ambling, rather than galloping.
But how do we know Carnotaurus brought down small animals? Just because it is fast doesn't mean its prey was small. True, but it has a relatively "weak" lower jaw. The reason I saw "weak" in quotes is because it ties into the design of the Carnotaurus skull as being highly kinetic. By kinetic, I mean that it has a large number of sutures, and unlike the sutures in the human skull which feature a minute range of motion, the Carnotaurus skull was capable of much, much more. It sacrifices strength for dynamism and speed.
Again, opposite T.rex, its jaws were very, very fast rather than very, very strong. T.rex would have had extremely quick-acting jaws as well, but due to its design and where muscles would have necessarily attached, Carnotaurus comes out on top. So what we have here is an animal capable of very decent speeds, with quick-acting jaws, and a highly kinetic skull... The kinetic skull is important for these reasons: the sutures between the premaxilla and nasal bones on the upper jaw would have allowed that portion of the muzzle to rotate upwards, and the sutures throughout the lower jaw would have allowed it to bow outwards to a staggering degree. Again, much like in snakes and lizards, the Carnotaurus would have been able to expand its jaw to eat small prey WHOLE. Another interesting thing, is that with the recurved teeth, regardless of whichever jaw were rotating at a particular time, the teeth were suited to hold onto the struggling prey until slain or engulfed alive.
If the muzzle rotated upwards, the mandible stayed rigid, if the muzzle depressed downwards, the mandible expanded. A hell of a lot of dynamism in a skull. Also, just something that's kind of cool, is that the skull was transversely depressed, meaning pressed inwards on either side and the area around the orbits is seemingly scant with sutures. We can deduce that the animal would have always been able to maintain visual contact with its prey, regardless of what its jaws were doing, and also, like T.rex, that it had binocular stereoscopic vision... though not nearly as advanced as T.rex.
Just some things that popped into mind about the beauty of this animal and the care put into the SS sculpt. Such a cool dino, I'm thrilled it' going to be our first maquette.